Milestone: Microwave Extraction -- Application Notes

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Environmental monitoring of priority pollutants is usually performed with sophisticated and automated analytical instruments (GC/GC/MS). The bottleneck in the analytical process is usually the sample preparation technique, because many laboratories still rely on the antiquated Soxhlet extraction method. Microwave extraction has revolutionized sample preparation and makes one day turnaround times the norm instead of the exception.

EN-001: U.S. EPA Method 3546

EN-002: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sediments

EN-003: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sludges

EN-004: Chlorinated Pesticides from soil

EN-005: Herbicides from soil

EN-006: Herbicides from sand

EN-007: Chlorinated Pesticides from soil

EN-008: Polychlorinated Byphenyls (PCBs) from clay

EN-009: Polychlorinated Byphenyls (PCBs) from humus

EN-010: Polychlorinated Byphenyls (PCBs) from sand

EN-011: Polychlorinated Byphenyls (PCBs) from soil

EN-012: Polychlorinated Byphenyls (PCBs) from sea sediment

EN-013: Pesticides from soil

EN-014: Pesticides from sand

EN-015: Dioxine from carbon ashes

Food/Feed/Agro

Batch quality control is an important area for food manufactures. The ability to find a problem early and correct can lead to significant cost saving. Many batch quality control applications rely on the antiquated Soxhlet extraction method or similar techniques. These methods are time-consuming, and usually require large amounts of expensive and hazardous solvent. In contrast, microwave extractions using Milestone's Ethos Labstation can be performed in less than 30 minutes and use as little as 10 mL of solvent. Real time monitoring of production processes can now be achieved through the use of microwave extraction.

FO-001: Total fat from soybean flour

FO-002: Fatty acids from various foodstuffs

FO-003: Total oil from palm fiber

FO-004: Total fat from soya seeds

FO-005: Total fat from rape seeds

Petrochemical

PE-001: Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) from soil

PE-002: ASTM Method D5765-95

Polymers/Plastics

Plastics are composed of many small molecules besides the polymer itself. Additives are used to enhance the polymers processability, prolong its lifetime, or alter physical properties of the polymer. The polymer matrix may also contain unpolymerized monomers and low molecular weight olgimers. Changes in the reaction stoichiometry or processing will alter the properties of the polymer and result in a compromised or undesired product. The levels of these components need to be determined to ensure that the product is fit for its intended purpose. Traditionally these components are extracted using a 3–16 hour Soxhlet method and determined gravimetrically. In addition to being time consuming, traditional methods require the use of large quantities of expensive and sometimes hazardous solvents.

Microwave-assisted extraction is a powerful technique that can be used to extract the process components from SBR, as well as additives from other polymers. With Milestone's Ethos labstation, microwave extractions can be performed in 10–30 minutes with as little as 10 mL of solvent. The major advantage of microwave-assisted extraction is that the extraction solvents can be heated above their atmospheric boiling points. This increases extraction efficiency and decreases extraction times.

PL-001: Irganox and Irgafloss from polypropylene

PL-002: Irganox and Irgafloss from polystyrene

PL-003: Irganox and Irgafloss from polyethylene

PL-004: Softener from PVC

Extraction Technical Notes

EX-001: Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Additives from Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

EX-002: Determination Organic Extractable Material in Homopolyamides using Microwave-Assisted Extraction

EX-003: Determination of PTFE in Thermoplastics

EX-004: Determination of Irganox 1076 in Low Density Polyethylene Pellets

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Extraction Technical Notes